Rates of obesity among pregnant women in Victoria have risen steadily over a decade new research has shown, sparking concerns for the health implications for both mothers and babies.
The study, published in the Medical Journal of Australia, is the first to review obesity prevalence in a large maternity cohort over time in Australia.
Led by a team from Western Health’s Women’s and Children’s Division and Deakin University’s School of Nursing and Midwifery, the findings show obesity rates are highest in areas of Victoria where disadvantage is greatest and where health services are often harder to access.
Professor Linda Sweet, Chair of Midwifery at Western Health and researcher from Deakin’s Institute for Health Transformation (IHT), said the findings were concerning given the increased risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth for women who are significantly overweight.
‘Obesity increases the risk of gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, blood clots, and unplanned caesarean sections,’ Professor Sweet said.
‘There is also an increased risk of stillbirth, premature birth, and birth-related trauma in both mothers and their babies.’
The researchers used de-identified Victorian Perinatal Data Collection data for all births between 2010-2019, looking at maternal body mass index (BMI). Their findings include:
State-wide, maternal obesity increased from 19.63% to 21.54% of all pregnancies
The number of pregnant women with extreme obesity increased by 65% over the decade
In regional areas, maternal obesity increased from 25.04% to 29.13%.
The Mallee region, which has the highest level of economic disadvantage, also had the largest change in the proportion of women with obesity, from 24.5% in 2010 to 31.8% in 2019.
The study highlights the importance of Western Health’s DIAMOND Clinic, which was established eight years ago to support pregnant women with a higher body mass index.
The DIAMOND (DIAbetes, Maternal Obesity, Nutrition and Diet) clinic, which is based at Joan Kirner Women’s and Children’s at Sunshine Hospital, provides access to a range of specialists, including midwives, obstetricians, physicians, anaesthetists, psychologists, fetal monitoring specialists, physiotherapists and endocrinologists.
Western Health’s Associate Professor Glyn Teale, who leads the DIAMOND Clinic, said: ‘Regional health services may be less well-resourced with both staff and specific equipment required to manage the complex care of pregnant women with high BMI, particularly those with extreme obesity.
‘Ensuring regional health services are adequately resourced to meet the needs of their increasingly high-risk maternity populations is vital, however, without addressing socioeconomic and health inequities in regional populations, rates of obesity may continue to rise.’
A map showing the change in maternal obesity rates across Victoria over time can be seen here.
